起重運輸機(ji)械主要供電方式(shi)的介紹(shao)說明

    起(qi)重運輸機械的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要有(you)哪些(xie)(xie)？一般來講，主(zhu)要有(you)兩種，滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又分(fen)(fen)為角鋼滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)、剛性滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)以及滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)，其中滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又可分(fen)(fen)為分(fen)(fen)相式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和集合式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類；軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)為懸掛(gua)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和卷筒式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，下(xia)面(mian)就(jiu)對這些(xie)(xie)起(qi)重機械供電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的分(fen)(fen)類進(jin)行詳(xiang)細的闡述，具體(ti)如下(xia)。

1.滑觸線供電方式

(1)角鋼滑觸線

優點是(shi)能節省有色(se)金屬消耗量和結構堅固耐磨，其缺點是(shi)電(dian)能損耗大，施工困難，運(yun)行(xing)時因接觸不(bu)(bu)良會有火(huo)花產生，尤(you)其是(shi)對一些(xie)大噸位(wei)起重機，其負荷電(dian)流很(hen)大，采用角鋼滑(hua)觸線(xian)(xian)因受線(xian)(xian)路阻(zu)抗大的(de)限制，往往要加很(hen)大截(jie)面的(de)鋁(lv)輔助(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)(xian)，但(dan)鋁(lv)輔助(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)(xian)載面大到某一截(jie)面時，因三根滑(hua)觸線(xian)(xian)之間(jian)的(de)相間(jian)距離不(bu)(bu)能減(jian)少，如繼續大鋁(lv)輔助(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)載面，其阻(zu)抗值減(jian)小甚微。

(2)剛性滑觸線

這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種以(yi)(yi)銅(tong)作為導電材料，鋼(gang)材作為加(jia)強(qiang)材料，敷設在在絕緣(yuan)子上的(de)(de)滑(hua)觸(chu)線(xian)(xian)。一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)根據載(zai)流(liu)量的(de)(de)大小將銅(tong)材嵌裝(zhuang)在輕軌(gui)上或將溝型銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)制夾板(ban)夾緊，然后(hou)在固(gu)定在絕緣(yuan)子上。這種滑(hua)觸(chu)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)安(an)裝(zhuang)在瓷瓶上的(de)(de)，所以(yi)(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)和維護都比較(jiao)簡單。剛性滑(hua)觸(chu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途較(jiao)廣，可廣泛用(yong)(yong)作各種不同噸(dun)位起(qi)重機(ji)的(de)(de)滑(hua)觸(chu)線(xian)(xian)，尤其是(shi)(shi)對一(yi)些大容量起(qi)重機(ji)和高(gao)溫(wen)多塵場(chang)所更為適用(yong)(yong)。

(3)滑觸線

這(zhe)種滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)(xian)是將(jiang)異形銅(tong)材或鋁材作為(wei)導電體(ti)，安裝在PVC塑料制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)護(hu)罩(zhao)(zhao)內(nei)，起重機上的(de)(de)集(ji)電器從下方伸入護(hu)罩(zhao)(zhao)內(nei)同(tong)導電體(ti)滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)，沒有(you)導電體(ti)裸露在外(wai)(wai)，所以(yi)稱滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)(xian)。集(ji)電器采用(yong)萬向(xiang)型撓性(xing)結(jie)構，滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)(xian)與廠房結(jie)構也不(bu)是剛性(xing)連(lian)接，因(yin)此(ci)集(ji)電器上的(de)(de)電刷可(ke)以(yi)同(tong)滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)保(bao)持良好(hao)的(de)(de)接觸(chu)(chu)，此(ci)外(wai)(wai)，導電體(ti)外(wai)(wai)部有(you)絕緣護(hu)罩(zhao)(zhao)保(bao)護(hu)，滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)不(bu)會積灰，可(ke)以(yi)確保(bao)接觸(chu)(chu)良好(hao)。滑(hua)(hua)觸(chu)(chu)線(xian)(xian)不(bu)論在戶內(nei)還是戶外(wai)(wai)，均可(ke)使用(yong)，還可(ke)制成(cheng)(cheng)彎曲段(duan)供電動葫蘆等在彎道上運行。

a.分相式滑觸線

這是(shi)將每相(xiang)(xiang)滑(hua)(hua)觸線(xian)分別安裝(zhuang)在單獨(du)的保(bao)護罩內，各(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)之間互相(xiang)(xiang)分開(kai)，如(ru)要加裝(zhuang)接地用滑(hua)(hua)觸線(xian)時，只要加裝(zhuang)一條相(xiang)(xiang)同的滑(hua)(hua)觸線(xian)即(ji)可(ke)。分相(xiang)(xiang)式滑(hua)(hua)觸線(xian)的相(xiang)(xiang)間距離一般為80mm，當額定(ding)電流超過1000A時，其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)間距離為150mm。

b.集合式滑觸線

這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種將多(duo)根導(dao)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)集(ji)(ji)合(he)安(an)裝在(zai)一(yi)個金屬或(huo)(huo)塑料的罩殼(ke)內(nei)的滑(hua)觸(chu)線。導(dao)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)安(an)裝在(zai)罩殼(ke)的兩側或(huo)(huo)頂部，根數可(ke)根據需要而(er)定(ding)，一(yi)般安(an)裝3—7根。集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器安(an)裝在(zai)配合(he)緊湊(cou)，滑(hua)動靈活的小車上，隨著(zhu)(zhu)運輸設備的移動，拖著(zhu)(zhu)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器上的電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)與(yu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)接觸(chu)，每根導(dao)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)之間(jian)的距離為(wei)18—24mm，所(suo)以阻抗值很(hen)低，這(zhe)對降低線路(lu)損耗非常有利。

集合式滑觸(chu)線(xian)一般用于(yu)小容量的(de)起重運(yun)輸設備；如作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)地(di)面運(yun)輸小車，電動葫蘆等的(de)供電滑觸(chu)線(xian)，并可在彎道上(shang)運(yun)行，曲率半徑為(wei)(wei)900mm，戶(hu)內及戶(hu)外均(jun)可使用。

2.軟電纜供電方式

采用(yong)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)向(xiang)起(qi)重(zhong)運輸(shu)設(she)備供電(dian)(dian)是(shi)一(yi)種普遍采用(yong)的方(fang)式，過去，一(yi)般都是(shi)采用(yong)園形軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)向(xiang)小(xiao)型起(qi)重(zhong)機、電(dian)(dian)動葫蘆和電(dian)(dian)動運輸(shu)車等小(xiao)容量(liang)負(fu)(fu)荷供電(dian)(dian)，但(dan)結構型式比較單(dan)調、運行距離短，用(yong)途受到很大限制(zhi)。軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)可以提高電(dian)(dian)壓等級向(xiang)大容量(liang)負(fu)(fu)荷供電(dian)(dian)，所以用(yong)途是(shi)十(shi)分廣闊的。

(1)懸掛式

各種(zhong)起重機(ji)或電(dian)動運(yun)輸車(che)(che)(che)輛均可采用懸掛式軟電(dian)纜(lan)供電(dian)，普遍使用的是將(jiang)軟電(dian)纜(lan)分段(duan)吊(diao)掛在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)帶輪子的電(dian)纜(lan)小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)，小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)在(zai)□形(xing)導軌(gui)(gui)上(shang)或I字鋼導軌(gui)(gui)上(shang)滑行(xing)，這(zhe)些導軌(gui)(gui)同起重機(ji)的軌(gui)(gui)道平行(xing)，起重機(ji)前(qian)進時(shi)拉著一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)纜(lan)小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)前(qian)進，后(hou)退(tui)時(shi)推著一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)纜(lan)小(xiao)車(che)(che)(che)后(hou)退(tui)，將(jiang)軟電(dian)纜(lan)收攏在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起。

(2)卷筒式

對一些在(zai)(zai)地面上(shang)行駛的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)或(huo)(huo)起重機等(deng)，在(zai)(zai)無法采用滑觸線供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，往(wang)往(wang)采用卷(juan)筒式軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)前進時(shi)(shi)，將卷(juan)筒上(shang)的(de)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)放置(zhi)于地面上(shang)，在(zai)(zai)返回(hui)時(shi)(shi)由卷(juan)筒上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機或(huo)(huo)彈(dan)簧的(de)作(zuo)用力將軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)收回(hui)到(dao)卷(juan)筒上(shang)，如(ru)果(guo)行程很(hen)長時(shi)(shi)，還(huan)可采取(qu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源在(zai)(zai)全(quan)行程的(de)中段供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，即運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)從端部開始(shi)(shi)運(yun)行時(shi)(shi)，順行駛方(fang)向卷(juan)筒開始(shi)(shi)卷(juan)取(qu)軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，待通過中間供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點后，卷(juan)筒又改(gai)為(wei)將軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)放置(zhi)于地面上(shang)，在(zai)(zai)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)返回(hui)時(shi)(shi)亦(yi)是如(ru)此。采用卷(juan)筒式軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般不受行程的(de)限(xian)制。